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Boron Iit

IIT PROGRAM

IIT PROGRAM

CHEMISTRY PROGRAM

Physical chemistry

General Topics: Concept of atoms and molecules, the atomic theory of Dalton, Mole concept, chemical formulas, balanced chemical equations, calculations (based on mole concept) involving common oxidation-reduction neutralization and displacement reactions; concentration in terms of mole fraction, molarity, molality and normality.

The gaseous and liquid states: the absolute scale temperature, the ideal gas equation, deviation from ideality, van der Waals equation, kinetic theory of gases, average, RMS and most probable velocities and their relationship with temperature, the Law of partial pressures, vapor pressure, diffusion of gases.

Atomic structure and chemical bonding: Bohr model, spectrum of hydrogen atom, quantum numbers dualiy Wave particle, de Broglie hypothesis, uncertainty principle, quantum mechanics qualitative picture of the hydrogen atom, shapes of s, p and d orbitals, electronic configurations of elements (up to atomic number 36), Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principle and Hund's rule; orbital overlap and covalent bond, hybridization involving s, p, d orbitals only; orbital energy diagrams for homonuclear diatomic species; bond; polarity in molecules, dipole moment (aspect qualitative only); VSEPR model and shapes of molecules (linear, angular, triangular, square planar, pyramidal, square pyramidal, trigonal bipyramidal, tetrahedral and octahedral).

Energetics: First law of thermodynamics, internal energy, work and heat, pressure-volume work, enthalpy, Hess's law, Heat of reaction, fusion and vaporization; second law of thermodynamics, entropy, free energy and spontaneity criterion.

Chemical equilibrium: Law of mass action equilibrium constant, Le Chatelier's principle (effect of concentration, temperature and pressure), The Meaning of the Directorate General and Dgo
chemical equilibrium, solubility product, common ion effect, pH and buffer solutions, the acids and bases (Bronsted and Lewis concepts); hydrolysis of salts.

Electrochemistry: Electrochemical cells and reactions of cells, standard electrode potentials, Nernst equation and its relationship with the Directorate General; electrochemical series, emf of galvanic cells; Faraday laws of electrolysis, Electrolytic conductance, specific, equivalent and molar conductivity, Kohlrausch law, concentration cells.

Kinetics Chemistry: Rates of chemical reactions Reaction order; constant speed first-order reactions, the temperature dependence of the constant velocity (Arrhenius equation).

Solid state: Classification of solids, crystalline state, seven crystal systems (Cell parameters a, b, c, alpha, beta, gamma), close compact structure of solids (cubic), packing in fcc, bcc and hcp lattices; neighbors Nearby, ionic radii, simple ionic compounds, point defects.

Solutions: Raoult's law, molecular weight determination of reduced vapor pressure, boiling point elevation and freezing point depression.

Surface chemistry: basic concepts of adsorption (excluding adsorption isotherms); Colloids: types, methods of preparation and general properties, the basic ideas emulsions, surfactants and micelles (only definitions and examples).

Nuclear Chemistry: Radioactivity: isotopes and isobars; Properties of alpha, beta and gamma rays; Kinetics of radioactive decay (decay series excluded), carbon dating; Stability of nuclei with respect to the neutron proton ratio, a brief discussion on fission and fusion reactions.

Inorganic Chemistry
Isolation and preparation and properties of the following non-metals: boron, silicon, nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, sulfur and halogen; Properties of allotropes of carbon (diamond and graphite alone), phosphorus and sulfur.

Preparation and properties of the following compounds: oxides, peroxides, hydroxides, carbonates, bicarbonates, chlorides and sulphates of sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium, boron acid, diborane, boron and borax; Aluminium: alumina, aluminum chloride and students; of carbon oxides and oxyacid (carbonic acid); Silicon: silicones, silicates and silicon carbide, nitrogen: oxides, oxygen acids and ammonia Phosphorus: oxides, oxygen acids (phosphorus acid, phosphoric acid) and phosphine; Oxygen: ozone and peroxide hydrogen, sulfur, hydrogen sulfide, oxides, sulphurous acid, sulfuric acid and sodium thiosulfate; Halogens: hydrohalic acids, oxides and oxyacids of chlorine, bleaching powder, fluorides of xenon.

transition elements (3d series): Definition, characteristics general, oxidation states and their stability, color (except for the details of electronic transitions) and calculation of the magnetic moment only spin, coordination compounds: nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, cis-trans and ionisation isomerisms, hybridization and geometries of mononuclear coordination compounds (linear, tetrahedral, square planar and octahedral).

Preparation and properties of the following compounds: oxides and chlorides and lead, tin oxides, chlorides and sulphates of Fe2 +, Cu2 + and Zn2 +, potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate, silver oxide, silver nitrate, silver thiosulfate.

Minerals: Commonly occurring ores and iron ore, copper, tin, lead, magnesium, aluminum, zinc and silver.

Extractive metallurgy: Chemical principles and reactions only (industrial details excluded), Carbon reduction method (iron and tin) Self reduction method (copper and lead); electrolytic reduction method (magnesium and aluminum); Cyanide process (silver and gold).

Principles of qualitative analysis: Groups I to V (only Ag +, Hg2 +, Cu2 +, Pb2 +, + BI3, Fe3 +, Cr3 +, Al3 +, Ca2 +, Ba2 +, Zn2 +, Mn2 + and Mg2 +), nitrate, halides (excluding fluoride), sulphate and sulphide.

Chemistry Organic

Concepts: Hybridisation of carbon;-Sigma and pi bonds, forms of simple organic molecules and geometric Structural isomerism, optical isomerism of compounds containing up to two asymmetric centers, (R, S, E, Z nomenclature excluded); IUPAC nomenclature of simple organic (only compounds, hydrocarbons, mono-and bi-functional and functional compounds); Conformations of ethane and butane (Newman projections); Resonance and hyperconjugation; keto-enol tautomerism, determining empirical and molecular formulas of simple compounds (only combustion method); Hydrogen bonds: definition and their effects on the physical properties of alcohols and carboxylic acids, inductive and resonance effects on acidity and basicity of organic acids and bases; Polarity and inductive effects in alkyl halides; reactive intermediate produced in the bond cleavage homolytic and heterolytic, Formation, structure and stability of carbocations, carbanions and free radicals.

Preparation, properties and reactions of alkanes: homologous series, the physical properties of alkanes (melting points, boiling point and density), combustion and halogenation of alkanes; Preparation of alkanes by Wurtz reaction and decarboxylation reactions.

Preparation, properties and reactions of alkenes and alkynes: Physical properties of alkenes and alkynes (boiling points, density and dipole moments); Acidity of alkynes; acid catalyzed hydration of alkenes and alkynes (Excluding the stereochemistry of addition and elimination); reactions of alkenes with KMnO4 and ozone, the reduction of alkenes and alkynes; Preparation of alkenes and alkynes by elimination reactions, reactions of alkenes with X2 Electrophilic addition, HX, HOX and H2O (X = halogen) Addition reactions of alkynes, metal acetylides.

Reactions of benzene: Structure and aromaticity, electrophilic substitution reactions: halogenation, nitration, sulfonation, Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation; Effect of o-, m-p directing groups in benzene monosubstituted.

: Acidity, electrophilic reactions (halogenation substitution Phenols, nitration and sulphonation);-Tieman Reimer reaction, Kolbe reaction.

Characteristic reactions of the following (including those mentioned above): halide alkyl: rearrangement reactions of alkyl carbocation, Grignard reactions, nucleophilic substitution reactions; Alcohols: esterification, dehydration and oxidation, reaction with sodium, phosphorus halides, ZnCl2/concentrated HCl, conversion of alcohols into aldehydes and ketones, ethers: Preparation by Williamson synthesis, aldehydes and ketones: oxidation, reduction, and the formation of hydrazone oxime; condensation aldol reaction Perkin, Cannizzaro reaction, nucleophilic addition reaction haloform reactions (Grignard addition), carboxylic acids: formation of esters acid chlorides and amides, ester hydrolysis; Amines: basicity of substituted anilines and aliphatic amines, the reactions of preparation of nitro compounds, reaction nitrous acid, azo coupling reaction of diazonium salts of aromatic amines, Sandmeyer and related diazonium salts; carbylamine reaction; Haloarenes: aromatic nucleophilic substitution in haloarenes and replaced haloarenes (excluding gasoline and the replacement mechanism Film).

Carbohydrate: Classification; mono-and di-saccharides (glucose and sucrose), oxidation, reduction, training and glycoside hydrolysis of sucrose.

Amino acids and peptides: General structure (only primary structure for peptides) and physical properties.

Properties and uses of some important polymers: natural rubber, cellulose, nylon, Teflon and PVC.

Practical organic chemistry: The Detection of elements (N, S, halogens) Detection and identification of the following functional groups: hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic), carbonyl (Aldehyde and ketone), carboxyl, amino and nitro; Chemical methods of separation of mono-functional organic compounds from binary mixtures.

PHYSICS PROGRAM

Units and overall dimensions, dimensional analysis; account minimum significant figures; Methods of measurement and error analysis of physical quantities for the following experiments: Experiments based in the use of Vernier calipers and screw gauge (micrometer), Determination of g with simple pendulum, Young modulus by Searle's method, the specific heat of a liquid using calorimeter, focal length of a concave mirror and a convex lens using uv method, Speed of Sound Column resonance, Verification of Ohm's law with voltmeter and ammeter and the specific resistance of a material bridge cables, underground through a PO Box.

Mechanics: Kinematics in one and two dimensions (Cartesian coordinates only), projectiles, uniform circular motion, speed relative.

Newton's laws of motion, inertial and uniformly accelerated frames of reference, dynamic and static friction, kinetic energy and potential, work and power conservation of momentum and mechanical energy.

Particle systems, the Centre of mass and motion, momentum, elastic and inelastic collisions.

Law of gravitation, gravitational potential and field, acceleration of gravity, motion of the planets and satellites in circular orbits, escape velocity.

rigid body, moment of inertia, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems, moment of inertia of bodies uniforms simple geometric shapes, angular momentum, torque, conservation of angular momentum, dynamics of rigid bodies with fixed axis of rotation; Rolling without slipping of rings, cylinders and spheres; Equilibrium of rigid bodies, collisions of point masses with rigid bodies.

Linear and angular movements simple harmonic.

Hooke's law, Young's modulus.

Pressure in a fluid, Pascal's law, buoyancy, surface energy and tension superficial capillary equation viscosity (Poiseuille excluded), Stoke's law, the terminal velocity, Streamline flow, equation of continuity, the theorem Bernoulli and its applications.
Wave motion (plane waves only), longitudinal and transverse waves, superposition of waves, progressive and stationary waves; vibrating strings and air columns; Resonance Beats, speed of sound in gases; Doppler effect (in sound).

thermal physics: Expansion heat of solids, liquids and gases, calorimetry, latent heat, heat conduction in one dimension, basic concepts of convection and radiation, the Newton's law of cooling, ideal gas laws, specific heats (Cv and Cp for monatomic and diatomic gases); isothermal and adiabatic bulk modulus of gases; Equivalence of heat and work, First law of thermodynamics and its applications (only for ideal gases), radiation black body: The absorptive and emissive powers; Kirchhoff's law, Wien's displacement law, Stefan's law.

Electricity and Magnetism: Coulomb law, electric field and potential, the potential power of a system of point and electric dipoles in a uniform electrostatic field; power lines on the ground; flow electric field Gauss's law and its application in simple cases, for example, to find field due to straight wire infinitely long, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell.

Capacity; parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectrics; capacitors in series and parallel, energy stored in a capacitor.

Electric current, Ohm's law, Series and parallel arrangements of resistances and cells and Kirchhoff's laws and simple applications; heating effect of current.

Biot-Avarte of law and Ampere's law, magnetic field near a current-carrying straight wire, along the axis of a circular coil and inside a long straight solenoid; Force on a moving charge and a wire carrier current in a uniform magnetic field.

Magnetic moment of a current loop, the effect of a uniform magnetic field on a current loop; moving coil galvanometer, voltmeter, ammeter and their conversions.

Electromagnetic induction Faraday's law, Lenz's law, Self and mutual inductance, RC, RL and LC circuits with sources of direct and alternating current.

Optics: Rectilinear propagation of light; Reflection and refraction at plane and spherical surfaces, total internal reflection, deflection and dispersion of light by a prism, thin lenses, combinations mirrors and thin lenses; enlargement.

Wave nature of light: the Huygens principle, interference limited to the double slit experiment of Young.

Modern Physics: the atomic nucleus, Alpha, beta and gamma life, law of radioactive decay, decay constant, life half and half, the binding energy and its calculation, fission and fusion processes, calculation of energy in these processes.

photoelectric effect Bohr theory of atoms such as hydrogen, X-ray characteristic and continuous Moseley's law, wavelength de Broglie waves of matter.

MATH PROGRAM

Algebra: Algebra of complex numbers, addition, multiplication, conjugation, polar representation, properties of the module and the main argument, triangle inequality, cube roots of unity, geometric interpretation.

Quadratic equations with real coefficients, relations between roots and coefficients, formation of quadratic equations with given roots, functions symmetric roots.

The arithmetic, geometric and harmonic progressions, arithmetic, geometric and harmonic sums of arithmetic finite geometric progressions, infinite geometric series, sums of squares and cubes of the first n natural numbers.

Logarithms and properties.

The permutations and combinations, binomial theorem for positive integral index, properties of binomial coefficients.

Matrices as a rectangular array of real numbers, equality of matrices, addition, multiplication by a scalar and product of matrices, transpose of a matrix determinant of a square matrix Order up to three, inverse of a square matrix of order three, the properties of these matrix operations, diagonal, symmetric and antisymmetric matrices and their properties solutions of simultaneous linear equations in two or three variables.

Addition and multiplication rules of probability, conditional probability theorem Bayes, independence of events, the calculation of the probability of events using permutations and combinations.

Trigonometry: Trigonometric functions, their periodicity and graphs, addition and subtraction formulas, formulas that involve multiple angles and multiple sub- the general solution of trigonometric equations.

Relations between sides and angles of a triangle, sine rule, cosine rule, the angle formula half and the area of a triangle, inverse trigonometric functions (principal value only).

Analytical geometry:

Two dimensions: Cartesian coordinates, the distance between two points, section formula, shift of origin.

Equation a straight line in various forms, angle between two lines, the distance from a point of a line, lines through the point of intersection of two lines given, the equation of the bisector of the angle between two lines, concurrency of lines; Centroid, orthocenter, incenter and circumcentre of a triangle.

The equation of a circle in various forms, equations of tangent, normal and chord.

Parametric equations of a circle, the intersection of a circle with a line or a circle, the equation of a circle through the points of intersection of two circles and a circle and a line straight.

The equations of a parabola, ellipse and hyperbola in standard form, their foci, guidelines and eccentricity, parametric equations, equations of the tangent and normal.
Locus problems.

Three dimensions: direction cosines and direction ratios, equation a straight line in space, the equation of a plane, distance of a point from an airplane.

Differential calculus: Real valued functions of one real variable, in, on and one to one functions, sum, difference, product and quotient of two functions, composite functions, absolute value, polynomial, rational, trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions.

Limit and continuity of a function, limit and continuity of the sum, difference, product and quotient of two functions, L'Hospital rule of evaluation of limits of functions.

Parity functions, inverse of a function, continuity of composite functions, intermediate value property of continuous functions.
Derivative of a function derived from the sum, difference, product and quotient two functions, chain rule, derivatives of polynomial, rational, trigonometric, inverse trigonometric functions, exponential and logarithmic.

Derivatives of implicit functions, derivatives up to order two, geometrical interpretation of the tangents of derivatives, and normal, increasing and decreasing functions, maximum and minimum values of a function, Rolle's Theorem and Lagrange's theorem the mean value.
Integral calculus: Integration as the reverse process of differentiation, indefinite integrals of standard functions, definite integrals and their properties, Fundamental Theorem of Integral Calculus.

Integration by parts, integration by the methods of substitution and partial fractions, application of definite integrals to the determination of related areas with simple curves.
Formation of ordinary differential equations, solution of homogeneous differential equations, separation of variables method, linear equations of first order differential.
Vectors: Addition of vectors, scalar multiplication, dot and cross products, scalar and triple products geometric interpretations.

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